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    Excelsior is wood shavings used as packing material.

    The sorting gap was where logs were sorted according to owner by reading the mark on the end of each log.

    Scene of the Thunder Bay River below Ninth Street Bridge showing the extensive lumber industry along the river. The scow-schooner SEA BIRD was built in Trenton, Michigan in 1881.

    The sorting gap was where logs were sorted according to owner by reading the mark on the end of each log. The logs were then sent to the relevant mills.

    View of lumbering operations along Thunder Bay River and looking across downtown Alpena out into Thunder Bay.

    Horse drawn wagon with crew in cedar yard in Alpena, Michigan.

    Men posing on log piles.

    Load of logs being pulled out of forest by horse team.

    A team of oxen being used in a logging operation. Oxen were more commonly used is Southern Michigan and were eventually replaces with horses. Oxen were often preferred to horses, because they could b

    This "sorting gap" in the Thunder Bay River was a series of pens made of logs chained together. Men with "pike poles" would stand on the logs, read the "log mark" on the logs coming down the river. T

    D.W. Campbell owned part of Mill of Folkerts & Masters. Mill built in 1896 by F.N. Barlow & D. Campbell. F.N. Barlow & Co.; First (?) - A. Campbell & Co.; Kimball & Campbell; Campbell & Nugent; E. Wh

    Ox-Bow banking grounds. The "ox-bow" was named for a twisting stretch of the Thunder Bay River that resembled a yoke used to harness oxen. The banking grounds (on the banks of the river) were where l

    Lumber camp crew posing with horse teams and large log pile. Possible Fletcher lumber camp.

    Adam's Bookstore, publisher of this postcard, provided Alpena souvenirs for many years.

    Logs on a sled being pulled by horses. Sprinkling water on the road and allowing it to freeze made the sled easier to pull.

    View of lumbering operations along the Thunder Bay River. The three-story building with the cupola is the earlier Alpena County Court House located between Eight and Ninth Avenues.

    Two sled loads of logs.

    The Library holds an extensive collection of Richardson Lumber Company Records. See the Harris/Richardson Collection in Special Collections.

    "Tug RALPH and Log Rafts below Bridge, 1900"

    The sorting gap was where logs were sorted according to owner by reading the mark on the end of each log.